Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts, when such behaviour was still a criminal act in the UK. He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis, and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, first observed in the 1960s.

In 1948 Turing joined Max Newman's Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester, where he helped develop the Manchester computers and became interested in mathematical biology. Turing played a pivotal role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial engagements, including the Battle of the Atlantic it has been estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by as many as two to four years.Īfter the war, he worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he designed the ACE, among the first designs for a stored-program computer. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including improvements to the pre-war Polish bombe method and an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. For a time he led Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.ĭuring the Second World War, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer. Alan Turing was a pioneering English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and theoretical biologist.

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